Motivation Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Motivation Assignment - Essay Example Autocratic Decisions by the leader Leader proposes decisions , takes feedback and then decides Tam proposes decision , final authority with leader Join decision by team as equals Full delegation of decision to team. Shared Leadership and Police Police in US gravitated towards a military style command and control structure in the early 20th century. This was done in response to widespread corruption and political interference. Police applied the principles of Fredrick Taylor and Max Weber and this management philosophy of control from the top exists even today.US administrators are suspicious of the calls to give autonomy to police as they are happy with the current autocratic system and believe the police work already involves a high degree of discretion. Recent forays have been made into participative leadership by introducing concepts such as community policing but the bureaucratic structure is still highly hierarchical. Shared Leadership and Organizational Commitment The problem w ith a command and control structure is that no decision is made at the lowest level. The officer on the street does not see reducing crime as his duty. No one has ever asked him his view on that. He sees that as the responsibility of those high ups that have considerable power. A research conducted in broken arrow ,Okhlama by the BAPD confirms that bat officers felt much more responsible for maintaining law and order when they were asked feedback on important decisions. (Wuestewald, January 2006 vol 73) The ability of being able to participate in important decisions are seen as a sign of trust by the police officers and very few would be willing to break this trust. Shared leadership makes everyone from the beat officer to the police chief believe that he is responsible for the city and the changes it will bring can be dramatic. Shared Leadership and Productivity Once the lower level officers are made part of the decision making authority; they will feel more proud and will have a h igher level of job satisfaction than they achieve simply by following orders. This would invariably lead to the â€Å"happy chicken syndrome† which is simply the fact that satisfied workers produce better quality of work. (S.Kim, 2002 , 62(2)) Shard Leadership and Labor Relations Police Unions are a common phenomenon throughout USA. While the amount of unions in civilian sector has been decreasing; the unions in police forces are increasing. Although they are not prevalent at the national level but they have a huge amount of influence at the local levels. These unions are seen to have popped up as a result of perceived tensions between the beat officers and the management. Relations with the management will improve once beat officers are made part of the decision making authority (R. Eisenberger, 1990). They will then be able to feel the pulls and pressures that senior officers face. The senior officers will also be aware of the conditions in which beat officers work as they are involved in decision making together and will lead to better relations between the two. Shard Leadership and Community Policing Community policing is regarded is being regarded as one of the initiatives of shared policing. However community policing in the entire country has been mixed with highly bureaucratic police structure. This makes the beat officer responsible to the community he serves in as well as his responsibility toward his senior officer’

Ethics, Political Philosophy and IR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethics, Political Philosophy and IR - Essay Example International law tries wherever possible to take a non-biased stance, not favouring one region or another during conflict. However, this is difficult where two regions are in conflict with one another and have different views and desires. This type of problem was the case for both Kosovo and Palestine. Kosovo was a territory of Serbia although it declared its independence in 2008 and was subsequently accepted by the international community, while Palestine remains a territory of Israel. This has become a difficult international relations issue, and Palestine continues to be a territory of Israel, which has been the source of much violence instigated by both sides. The difference in approaches by the international players has occurred because of the warfare that is occurring between Israel and Palestine, and the terrorism component of the Palestinian government. This makes it difficult for international organisations and external states to support Palestine. An additional important a spect is the fact that Kosovo deliberately manipulated their position in order to gain international sympathy and assistance. Background Kosovo is located in southeast Europe with a land area of 10,887 square kilometres and a population of approximately 1.8 million people. It gained its independence from Serbia in February of 2008 and is now recognised as an independent state. Although the US and the EU have recognised the independence of Kosovo, some states, including Serbia, contest this and do not feel that the state should be considered as independent . The decision to grant Kosovo independence in the international arena was unusual, as conflict has been occurring between Kosovo and Serbia. Nevertheless, the move of Kosovo was considered to be legal under international law and the state consequently became independent . However, the same is not true of the Palestinian territories. The Palestine territories are not recognised as an independent state, instead they are considered t o be part of Israel. The conflict between Israel and Palestine has been ongoing, with external states and international agencies attempting to facilitate resolution. External states hoped that eventually Palestine could be recognised as an independent, democratic state, however, this has not come to pass. In 1993, Israel agreed to allow a period of self-rule for Palestinian territories. However, they maintain military, maritime and airspace control of the region, as well as restricting access. The Palestinian territories are areas of continued violence and debate. The territories consist of two main regions, the larger West Bank and the smaller Gaza Strip. The regions are controlled separately. Mahmud Abbas, the elected Palestinian president in 2005 governs the West Bank, while members of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) control the Gaza strip. As Palestine seeks to gain its independence to be recognised internationally, violence continues to rage between the two sides . Isra el’s approach to Palestine has resulted in occupation for close to 30 years, and economic initiatives that have damaged Palestine while strengthening Israel . Conflict continues to grow between Palestine and Israel and the situation is now that of a civil